Malnutrition and Nutrition Programs in Malaysia

Lack of healthy sustenance and Nutrition Programs in Malaysia Substance (Jump to) Section 1 : INTRODUCTION Section 2: BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION IN MALAYSIA Section 3: CURRENT MALNUTRITION INTERVENTION Programs-The points, system and assessment 3.1 Breastfeeding program 3.2 Rehabilitation Program for Malnourished Children 3.3 Other Main Nutrition Intervention Programs Section 4: DISCUSSION To contrast and the created nations Section 6: CONCLUSION Section 7: REFERRENCE Section 1 : INTRODUCTION Ailing health in the entirety of its structures is characterized as all types of poor sustenance. It identifies with lopsided characteristics in vitality, and explicit full scale and micronutrients-just as in dietary examples. Routinely, the accentuation has been corresponding to deficiency, yet it additionally applies to overabundance admission or wrong dietary examples. It is a wide term usually utilized as option to under-nourishment however in fact it additionally alludes over-sustenance. Kid lack of healthy sustenance was related with 54% of kid demise (10.8 million kids) in creating nations in 2001, despite the fact that is it once in a while the immediate reason for death. Undernutrition is the immediate aftereffect of insufficient dietary admission, the nearness of infection, or the communication of these two components. The danger of biting the dust from an ailment as twice as high for somewhat malnourished youngsters, multiple times as high for those reasonably malnourished and multiple times more prominent for kids named serious malnourished when contrasted with typical kids (UNICEF 1996). Hidden reasons for lack of healthy sustenance are shifted. Contaminations among youngsters, including helminthiasis can add to hunger, showed as pallor, hindering or potentially disabled youth advancement. Intermittent infection and looseness of the bowels among newborn children who are not breastfed can bring about lack of healthy sustenance and in the end sway their typical development and improvement. Tuberculosis among youngsters and grown-ups is connected to poor sustenance. Then again, dietary examples are moving from conventional eating regimens to counts calories in which prevalently handled nourishments are expended. These nourishments are of constrained healthful quality, much of the time wealthy in immersed fats, sugar and salt. While the weight of undernutrition among youngsters and ceaseless vitality insufficiency (CED) in grown-ups keep on being major nourishing worries in numerous pieces of Asia, the weight of overweight and corpulence is getting progressively boundless in the area (Khor 2008). Overweight and stoutness are characterized as strange and exorbitant fat collection that present a danger of wellbeing. They are related with non-transferable ailments, for example, stroke, hypertension, cardiovascular illness, type 2 diabetes and certain type of malignant growth. Aside from that, ongoing examination demonstrated that undernutrition during early life can later prompt overweight or stoutness by inciting vitality preservation instrument in the body that can persevere into adulthood. Serious dietary hardship in fetal and early post-natal period followed by a quick get up to speed development in youth is currently known to build the danger of overweight and heftiness (Florentino 2014). WHO (2008) gauges more than 1.4 billion grown-ups, 20 and more established, were overweight which more than 200 million men and about 300 million ladies were large. Generally, over 10% of the world’s grown-up populace was corpulent. The worldwide predominance of overweight and heftiness in kids matured five to 19 years is 10% (Kipping et al. 2008). It was additionally announced that overall commonness of overweight and weight in preschool youngsters expanded from 4.2% in 1990 to 6.7% in 2010 and the predominance in Asia is 4.9%, with the quantity of influence d kids was around 18 million and this pattern is required to arrive at 9.1%, or 60 million, in 2020 (Onis et al. 2010). Part 2: BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION IN MALAYSIA From the period when quite a while of autonomy, Malaysia was an immature nation with high pace of destitution and yearning. Destitution is firmly connected with restricted access to sound food and poor access to human services prompting issues, for example, undernutrition and other related ailments. Ongoing National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) IV has uncovered that the pervasiveness of underweight and squandering for youngsters matured beneath 18 years is 16.1 and 17.8% separately and it was accounted for 6.1% kids were stout. Study by Poh et al. (2013) among youngsters a half year to 12 years indicated that the predominance of overweight (9â ·8 %) and weight (11â ·8 %) was higher than that of slenderness (5â ·4 %) and hindering (8â ·4 %). No doubt the consequences of the NHMS 2011 demonstrated a higher predominance of undernutrition than that of overnutrition, while Poh et al. (2013) revealed the inverse was valid. It might be because of various cut-off point as NHMS utilizing CDC (2000) while Poh et al. (2013) utilizing WHO development outline or could be because of the diverse inspecting convention. We can infer that Malaysia despite everything shows higher pervasiveness of undernutrition and simultaneously expanding pattern of overweight and corpulence. Creating nations incorporating Malaysia are in a condition of quick financial change because of by and large improving wages, expanding industrialization, urbanization and globalization. This has offered ascend to changing way of life and diet from one with significant level physical of action and diets dependent on plant food, to one with more significant level of stationary way of life and diet of expanding vitality based, for example, high starch, high sugar and high in fat. The overabundance vitality from these nourishments may influence grown-up and youngsters inside the family in an unexpected way. For example, small kids may effectively go through the abundance vitality and still be underweight while grown-ups may wind up putting on weight. These adjustments in utilization and physical action lead to rising commonness of overweight and corpulence particularly in grown-ups thus expanding in NCD. The progressions in financial advancements throughout the years in Malaysia have acquired an improvement the general nourishing status of the nation. In any case, pockets of ailing health despite everything exist, especially among the provincial zones. In this way, Malaysia presently needs to confront twofold weight of lack of healthy sustenance (DBM) as the new pattern develop in. Section 3: CURRENT MALNUTRITION INTERVENTION Programs-The points, system and assessment The point of nourishment program is to plan, execute and create sustenance administrations to accomplish and keep up the wholesome prosperity of the populace and advance smart dieting rehearses. The program expects to screen and assess the healthful status of Malaysian populace and aid wholesome reconnaissance. It additionally to plan, actualize and assess the nourishment wellbeing projects, exercises and advancement. Nourishment mediations to improve the wholesome prosperity of the Malaysian populace have been actualized by the Ministry of Health as a team with different services. The projects and exercises that have been done incorporate easing of macronutrient and micronutrient insufficiencies, nourishment advancement and improving family unit food security. 3.1 Breastfeeding program Malaysia has sketched out a couple of techniques so as to battle unhealthiness in kids and youths. It begins from birth of the infant by elevating selective breastfeeding as long as a half year old enough as indicated by National Breastfeeding Policy. The point is to guarantee the infant get the advantages and supplement from bosom milk. Study shows that breastfeeding is defensive against diseases and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and this impact is more grounded when breastfeeding is elite (Fern R. Hauck 2011). In 1993, the Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia embraced the WHO/UNICEF Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). This activity means to increment breastfeeding among all ladies in Malaysia in accordance with the WHO suggestion of in any event a half year of restrictive breastfeeding, to enable ladies to settle on right decisions on taking care of their children and to make favorable conditions in clinic and from that point for ladies who wish to breastfeed. What's more, MOH started Baby Friendly Clinic venture in 2006 focusing on wellbeing centers and country facilities in Malaysia. It means to urge moms to breastfeed their children only from birth up to the initial a half year and proceed until two years of age. Study by Tan (2011) indicated the pervasiveness of select breastfeeding among moms with newborn children matured somewhere in the range of one and a half year was 43.1% (95% CI: 39.4, 46.8). Predominance of ideal commencement was 63.7% (CI: 61.4 65.9) and the proceeded with commonness of breastfeeding as long as two years was 37.4% (CI: 32.9 42.2) (Fatimah Jr et al. 2010). The discoveries propose that the projects actualized over the most recent ten years were successful in improving the commonness of ever breastfeeding, opportune commencement of breastfeeding and kept breastfeeding as long as two years 3.2 Rehabilitation Program for Malnourished Children The principle macronutrient inadequacy issue among Malaysian kids is protein and vitality lack of healthy sustenance. This is showed in offspring of being underweight for their age. Restoration Program for Malnourished Children, otherwise called â€Å"Food Basket Program† has been begun by Ministry of Health in 1989 as an exertion government to build the wellbeing and wholesome status among youngsters under 6 years of age (Ministry of Health 2009). In these program kids that satisfied the rules will be given â€Å"food basket† to assist them with having a reasonable and nutritious eating routine so they could have ideal physical and mental development. The youngsters were likewise given close consideration and suitable treatment on any ailment, wellbeing instruction and appropriate medicinal services. The standards for qualification are youngsters matured between a half year to 6 years of age who are extreme underweight (weight-for-age not exactly - 3SD of the middle) or moderate underweight (weight-for-age between - 2SD and - 3SD) and from in-your-face poor families (family salary under RM430 or RM110 per capita for Peninsular Malaysia; less tha

Ethnographic Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethnographic Review - Essay Example The multifaceted nature of the issues talked about concerning ladies in torment is likewise obviously clarified. Finkler’s objective recorded as a hard copy the book was to extend our comprehension of human infection through what she named as life injuries. What's more, biomedicine has without question made mind boggling progresses and has prevailing with regards to treating troublesome clinical weaknesses. Regardless, on occasion biomedicine neglects to reduce patients routinely experienced side effects as a result of the limitations of the biomedicine content, a content that neglects to comprehend life’s sores. Finkler creates life sores in an extraordinary image of how wounds forced on individuals that is ladies during their lives are described in the idea of life sores in the impression of a feeling of loss of control, or the life of an individual being wild. Finkler investigation of the Mexican sexual orientation job viewpoint makes it reasonable why ladies with li ttle control of their lives would pass on ceaseless and unexplained physical agony. In the event that, perusers would assume that every single Mexican lady are caught in comparative sexual orientation jobs and experience the kind of life sores portrayed by Finkler, she cautions against generalizing the entire populace of Mexican ladies. The ladies talked about in her book, are a particular arrangement of ladies. She picked them as a subset from an example of 205 ladies she met before at the medical clinic, of which 161 were later met at the solace of their homes. The 10 contextual analyses in the book were drawn from the 161 ladies met both in the emergency clinic and at home. The book is separated into three sections: the initial segment assesses the writing as to the idea of disorder, nature of sex and the association among sexual orientation and affliction. The subsequent part puts out a decent survey of sex jobs in Mexico, recorded relationship among people and the spot of mysti c or fervent developments in the lives of poor people. Furthermore, Finkler additionally fuse a diagram profile of ladies in her picked populace. The longest area of the book is left for contextual analyses. The peruser is relied upon to meet with â€Å"Juana who is looking for nobility in the midst of a landfill, Susana a lady who has wandered into the open area, Carlota who changed from common to a housewife, Maria whose educational encounters have changed from awful to more terrible, Norma who professed to have discovered God, Josefina who portrays that she has devoted as long as she can remember to buckling down. Rebecca then again is a lady at the skirt of breaking down, Julia who battles to live with a tanked spouse, Alicia who is a mother and a special lady and Margarita a lady in such of individualism†. As to nature of disorder, ladies and men have contrasting wellbeing needs and results. This is a direct result of natural contrasts, particularly â€Å"sex-associated science, for example, genital discharges, optional sex attributes and conceptive occasions like pregnancy and menopause†. Finkler noticed that sexual orientation influences the danger of mortality and bleakness through different introduction and powerlessness, the cruelty and results of sickness and access to social insurance administrations (Finkler 5). In the vast majority of Mexican urban areas, there exists biasness with regards to sexual orientation and social insurance. Most men are given need than ladies accordingly putting the ladies under the danger of further confusions and stress. Besides, the presence of financial imbalance has been the fundamental explanation behind wellbeing biasness in Mexico.

How to Stay Mentally Healthy and Battle Stress under a Busy Schedule

How to Stay Mentally Healthy and Battle Stress under a Busy Schedule Sadly stress is something we all face; it’s an unavoidable part of life. There is no going around it and even the seemingly happiest amongst us are bound to fall prey to this animal, and this is especially so for the working population.However, not all stress is bad. A certain level of stress may be effective in increasing productivity and motivation. But if stress becomes too much and remains for a long period, you are likely to spiral downwards both mentally and physically. Learning how to manage stress is critical to your mental health.Some jobs may naturally have higher levels of stress, for example, police or health care providers, whose jobs demand time and detailed work. However stress is not limited to any particular job, so if you do not fall under these categories do not ignore any symptoms of stress.The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has defined stress as the emotional responses when a person’s job requirements do not match the needs, cap abilities, and resources of that person. According to a Yale University study,  29 percent of workers in the United States feel either quite stressed or extremely stressed at work. Evidently, this is an issue affecting millions amongst us. You could be walking right past your workplace friend and not even realize that they are under stress. The purpose of this article is to help you identify the symptoms of work related stress, its causes, its effects, and how you can manage and avoid stress and possibly prevent yourself from falling victim or help someone else overcome their own stress.CAUSES OF WORK RELATED STRESSI am sure the first thing a lot of people think about when they hear the term work-related stress is unemployment… right?But even when you’re not unemployed, the possibility of experiencing work related stress is still very high. It could be caused by an increase in responsibilities, fewer benefits Workplace stress can affect both employers and employees and may be triggered by numerous factors. But what are the major causes of work related stress?Workplace EnvironmentA simple but common cause of work related stress is the workplace environment. Other causes of work related stress are mainly emotional. However, the physical environment in which you have to work can also be a cause of stress for most people.It could be that you are forced to work in a very noisy environment, or your workplace environment lacks privacy, or that your workplace environment has poor temperature regulation. Either way, the workplace setting is a contributing factor to work related stress, or lack, thereof.Is your workplace environment calm and comforting or does it bring you discomfort? Do you dread the idea of getting to work?Work OverloadAn increase in job responsibilities is one of the biggest reasons why you may be experiencing work related stress. Excess work will eventually drain you, leading to not just physical but emotional exhaustion. You may begin to experience frequent headaches, back pains, and believe it or not… difficulty sleeping.If you are overloaded with work you will notice that you have become irritable, cynical, inflexible, and detached. If you do not manage this kind of stress in time your mental health suffers and you risk burning out.Work UnderloadYes, don’t be shocked. The ideal work environment is when you have just a sufficient amount of work, not excessive but not little either. This is the exact opposite of a burnout. If you are exposed to a dull monotonous job that isn’t mentally or physically stimulating you will eventually fall victim to boredom.That is when apathy sets in and you lose all enthusiasm for life, you walk around like a zombie with no real purpose. This unfulfilling work leads to stress because you have no outlet, you don’t feel challenged, and there is absolutely no reason to look forward to the morning.“In the race between Lion and the Deer, many times the deer wins because the Lion runs for food while the Deer runs for life. Purpose is more important than need.” African Proverb.So you may need the job, but what you may not realize is that human beings feed off of purpose even more. Without purpose we are not challenged and we begin to slowly crumble on the inside. Be bold, have the courage to seek work that gives you a balanced amount of work. Work that won’t burn you out but at the same time, that isn’t too easy to handle.Low MoraleAgain, this may be as a result of low stimulation. Without morale you tend to become complacent and eventually the feeling of being unfulfilled sets in. The most stressful jobs are jobs that are not engaging or stimulating especially if they are your only job. For example, being stuck in a small office cubicle for 12 hours every day will not give you the same amount of stimulation that being a policeman will.However, in your quest to seek out work that stimulates you, understand that everybody is different. You could be quite stimulated in your office cubicle if you’re a person a person who loves to keep to themselves. Again you could be stimulated and fulfilled being a policeman while other people may expe rience burnout. It’s all about finding what works for you; it’s not about a particular job.What excites you? The ideal job is one where you wake up every morning looking forward to getting to work.Workplace ManagementWorkplace management is also another major cause of work related stress and it can trigger stress in a number of ways. For example, when your workplace has poor communication and you are totally excluded from any decision-making processes, you will definitely not feel supported by your employer or your coworkers. It is natural for people to want to feel connected, included, and as part of the collective. But when you feel dissociated, like a machine whose sole purpose is to take commands and process them, it slowly wears you down.An additional cause for work related stress is a lack of work-life balance, which can happen if your workplace management does not incorporate family friendly policies. Another trigger could be how tasks are assigned at your workplace. Are you allowed infrequent breaks? Do you receive unnecessary routine tasks? Is your employer ignoring your skills?If any of these sound familiar to you, you can speak to your employer, look for a work environment whose management system suits you, or learn to manage the stress that comes with such a strenuous management style as we shall discuss later in this article. BullyingAs adults, we assume that bullying was a phase of life, where the older kids would bully juniors and give them a hard time in high school. Wrong, bullying happens every day and nowadays there is even cyber bullying where someone doesn’t even have to be near you to intimidate you.Bullying at the workplace includes giving impossible deadlines, rudeness, sexist remarks, gossiping, generational discrimination…And just like bullying in your school years might have been a reason or cause of stress and anxiety, so does workplace bullying. Some psychologists even suggest that the negative mental effects bullying has o n a person could be worse than those of sexual harassment.Career Concerns/FearCareer concerns can also be a major trigger stress. If you have concerns about your job security or the slow advancement of your career you may feel the need to put in more effort to resolve these issues. You may find yourself turning up to work super early, taking very few, shorter breaks, refusing to take sick leaves, volunteering for overtime…you basically become a workaholic all to solidify your position or to boost your chances of a promotion.All these are signs of work anxiety. So if you have been feeling this way or have been doing any of the above, it may be time to take a step back and assess your   mental space, you may be well on the way to falling victim to work related stress.The questions to honestly answer here are; Are you afraid of losing your job? Do you feel that you are stepping up the ladder too slowly in your career? Or are you using work to deflect your attention from something dee p-seated?TraumaThis will mostly apply if you work in a high risk environment, for example, in law enforcement, in the fire department, in the military… but it can also apply to bullying.Some jobs are just naturally more dangerous than others and may lead to very stressful experiences, especially those that entail putting yourself at risk every day. Aside from your own well-being, witnessing a horrific incident befall another person can also be very traumatic.Imagine a military service-man in active combat, forced to use his weapon, in the process killing an insurgent. This can be a traumatic memory for that service man, where he will associate his work with the death of a human being. This may cause that service-man great anxiety and stress both on and off duty. Think PTSD.If your work is of a high-risk nature and you have found yourself being stressed or anxious, whether it is because of something you have witnessed, experienced, or anticipated… you need to consider whether tha t job is suited for you. If the answer is yes, then this article will tell you exactly how you can combat that stress and stay mentally balanced.SYMPTOMS OF WORK RELATED STRESSAny form of work can be stressful in its own unique way. Therefore, regardless of your position, salary, field, popularity you are not immune to work related stress. Work can become too much and when you are stressed you may begin to experience both physical and psychological symptoms.What’s important here is to learn to listen to the signals your body and mind are sending in order to be able to combat stress at an early stage.So what are the symptoms of work related stress?Poor Work PerformanceUnder stress your ability to perform optimally is inhibited and you may find your performance at work slowly plunging. Stress affects your ability to execute tasks you are already aware of properly or to process new information and apply it.This is because under stress, your mind is filled with anxiety, worries, and t ension and you are therefore easily distracted and prone to make mistakes. Depreciation in your workplace performance should be one of the first indicators that you could be under stress.Sleep DeprivationYou would assume that sleep would come easy when you are so drained by work but ironically, this is one of the most common symptoms of work related stress. If you find yourself constantly staring at the ceiling at 3am going over things that either happened at work or that will happen, you may be experiencing work related stress.With sleep deprivation you experience this vicious cycle where the lack of ample rest decreases your enthusiasm, concentration, and performance levels and in turn your slow/poor performance feeds your stress and the cycle continues.Eating HabitsThis could go either way. You may find that you have been either overeating or not eating enough, both of which are signs of stress. You could be one of those people who crave junk food after a strenuous day or you cou ld be one of those people who lose appetite when they aren’t particularly feeling their best.Are you eating more or less than usual? Have you been steadily losing weight or gaining weight? Do you feel like you are energetic enough throughout the day?If there has been a noticeable change in your eating habits for an extended period, you may be experiencing stress and you need to find out if it stems from work. Drinking/Smoking/DrugsWhen you are under stress you may feel the urge to distract your mind from the issues that are really bothering you; calm your nerves. Alcohol, cigarettes, or other drugs may be just your go-to for temporary relief. Have you found yourself over indulging in drugs? This may be a sign that something is wrong and you may be experiencing stress.If you are doing drugs for an emotional reason you put yourself at a great risk for addiction. Remember that drugs may seem like a temporary relief but they may eventually escalate the real problem. You may even lose the little functionality you have left in your work and risk losing your job and at the same time jeopardize your chances of acquiring a new one. These habits could also lead to serious medical and psychological issues. Hence making a mountain out of what was possibly a molehill.If you have noticed that you are indulging heavily lately, you need to ask yourself why?Change in Appearance/Physical SymptomsWhen you are stressed, you don’t sleep well, eat well, or exercise, and this will definitely take its toll on your body. You may have eye bags under your eyes due to lack of sleep, people may constantly tell you that you’re wearing a worried expression, or you could loss/gain an alarming amount of weight. Other symptoms include cold sores, dry skin, mouth ulcers, aches, bodily pains (e.g. Chest, back), peptic ulcers, nausea, low sex drive, stroke, heart disease…Additionally, when you are under stress your self-worth may take a hit and you may become sloppy in your grooming habit s or personal hygiene. If your physical appearance seems to be taking a nosedive of late, there may be an underlying cause for this and in all likelihood stress may be the culprit.WithdrawalHave you become antisocial lately?Stress is known to impact self- esteem and encourage negative thinking, which may in turn make you feel like the world is against you, leading you into isolating yourself. The problem with social isolation is that you do not realize that you are lonely and that you feel unimportant in the world and this may make the stress even worse.If you feel that you have been avoiding social contact even with people that you like, you may be under stress and you need to address the issue before it snowballs into bigger physical and psychological problems.Mood SwingsWhen you are under stress, you may find it extremely difficult control your emotions. You may feel jovial for a moment and then find yourself getting extremely angry the next for no substantial reason. This can en d up being detrimental to your career if you portray the image that you are unable to cope with the stress of the job.Therefore, if you have found yourself to be increasingly irritable or that your moods keep shifting without any tangible or substantial triggers, you may be experiencing stress and you need to find way to manage it for a healthy balance.These are some of the major symptoms of workplace related stress but it does not mean that there are no others. So often we are so caught up in the things we do on a daily basis that we forget to pay attention to the cues our minds and our bodies give us. Therefore, remember, the best way to find out if you are indeed under stress is to listen to your own body and your own feelings.DISCUSSION- MENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF WORK RELATED STRESSCan stress cause/encourage mental health issues or is stress a mental health issue itself?It is quite difficult to distinguish when stress becomes a mental health issue and when an already existent men tal health issue is provoked by work related stress. A lot of symptoms related to stress are also common in mental health conditions. For example, frequent mood swings attributed to stress are common for bipolar disorder and will often have the same effects.Most people diagnosed with mental health problems can continue to work productively and have very successful careers. Look, at Angelina Jolie, a very successful actress who has in the past been diagnosed with chronic depression.Granted stress will put you at an emotionally and mentally unstable state and if you already had an underlying mental condition it may become aggravated. But how I see it, the real issue is not whether stress cause/encourages mental disorders or is a mental disorder on its own.The important thing is to identify the symptoms and take action as early as possible. Taking action and addressing the symptoms early enough will prevent you from becoming even worse and if you seek professional help and you end up b eing diagnosed with a mental illness, don’t panic, a lot of people have been extremely successful in their careers even after being diagnosed with mental illnesses. The key is management.Identify times when you are out of character and read your physical symptoms for stress, find the root cause, and make adjustments to ease and manage that stress.STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING WORK RELATED STRESSThe underlying question here is; How can you manage work-related stress and maintain a healthy mental space?Track your TriggersKeep a mental record for about a week in which you identify situations/factors that either cause you the most anxiety, stress, or fear… monitor your thoughts and feelings in those environments, inclusive of the people and particular circumstances involved and the exact reaction you had.Were you unable to communicate your feelings? Did you storm off? Did you get rude? Did you make threats? Did you quietly curl up in your shell? Noting all these factors will enable you to realize what situations and groups of people to stay clear of. It will also help you realize when you are getting disturbed in real time and to remove yourself from the situation causing you distress. Finally, it will help you stay in control of your reactions and employ the most rational one, whether for your case that is consciously telling yourself to refrain from raising your voice or telling yourself to express yourself instead of curling up your shell.This way you will be able to avoid/maneuver through stressful situations and simultaneously get to release some tension by addressing the issue at hand in real time and in the most suitable manner.“Master yourself and conquer the world.”   Bruce LeeGet in Touch with your Inner SenseStress is more emotional than physical, therefore, get in touch with your feelings and understand what puts you in a good mood; and this could be anything. What relaxes you (in a healthy way of course)? What calms your nerves? What sounds, smells, activities, breathing patterns… calm you and lift your spirits?Everyone has a positive sensory response to something. Find and understand yours and use it whenever you are feeling anxious, tense, fearful or under pressure.ExerciseThis is a strategy you can use immediately; you do not have to wait a week to start exercising. You do not have to go to the gym every day to exercise. Simple activities that involve moving your arms or legs have particularly been cited as effective in stress management. For example, running, walking, aerobics, swimming, and dancing are all simple and effective ways to relieve stress. The reason why exercise helps you release some stress is because exercise releases endorphins in your brain that works as a natural aphrodisiac, putting you in a happier more receptive mood, making you more tolerant to uncomfortable situations.Have a Consistent Sleep PatternFeeling tired increases your stress because you become more irritable and irrational. Lack of sleep a nd inconsistent sleep patterns on the other hand encourages chronic stress because in your tired state you are incapable of properly resolving work-related issues.This means that the issues will constantly hover over your head, loud and unresolved, which then aggravates your stress levels. Can you imagine having to deal with the same problem because you did not handle it properly the first time? How would that make you feel?Establish a very specific sleep pattern where you get a minimum of six hours of sleep. Clear your mind and intentionally forget about work for this period. You will find that you wake up with a renewed energy, strength, and morale to tackle work issues. Improve your sleeping pattern to feel less stressed, more productive, and mentally balanced.MeditateLearn to take some time off to meditate; this is one of the most effective ways to relieve stress. Take deep breathes and channel or your energy to being mindful. Train your mind to go over issues and experiences th at you have all through the day from a very objective and non-judgmental point of view.This will give you a clear understanding of issues and experiences, giving you clear solutions and actively melting away the stress that comes with them. If it does not work so easily do not be discouraged, the art of purposefully focusing objectively on particular issues will get stronger the more you practice and apply to all life situations beyond work.Be SocialAvoid isolation at all cost. Shutting the world away might not sound like such a bad idea but it eventually begins to fuel your stress. Being around people you like and having face-to-face conversations with them can trigger stress relieving hormones whenever you’re feeling unsure, unsafe, or uncomfortable.Even just a few kind words in passing can help you calm your nerves. Being with other people will also deliver stress-reducing pleasure and at the same time avail opportunities for you to grow your career and expand your social netwo rk.Draw Clear Work-Life BoundariesIn an increasingly technological world, it is easy to feel a certain pressure to be available at all hours of the day. As much as this is convenient for work, it may bring with it a certain level of stress where you find yourself always thinking of work even in your down time. Establish some boundaries for yourself.For example, you could consciously decide not to check your work email when you’re away from work or to stay away from your phone over lunch and dinner. People have different ways of blending their work and their personal life so find what works best for you but be sure not to overlap these two too much. This will reduce the potential for stress that comes with work-life conflict.Eat HealthyEating healthy does not necessarily mean adhering to a strict diet or denying yourself your favorite foods. Re-examine your current diet and experiment with more healthy ways of eating known to promote mental health. Create an eating plan that is sur e to revitalize your energy, better your mood, and improve your outlook on the world around you.Remember if your body is not working at optimum performance, neither will your mind and you are more likely to fall prey to stress when you are demoralized and lacking in enthusiasm.Seeking Further HelpSome people need professional help to deal with their stress. For example, people who have been diagnosed with an anxiety/personality disorder that needs medical treatment. If you fall under this category, there is absolutely nothing wrong with that. Keep up with the prescribed medication and consult with your doctor.Alternatively, you could also seek credible stress management self-help resources whenever you notice yourself falling out of balance and with the increased availability of information on the internet you do not have to go to the library; you could access online resources even at work and find quick relief for any anxiety, tension, or stress and restore your mental balance.CONC LUSIONI am sure we can all agree that it is impossible to entirely eliminate work-related stress. Regardless of what kind of work you do or what position you play, there are bound to be moments and experiences that will trigger stress. However, this does not mean that you cannot neutralize that stress by filling your life with meaningful thoughts and actions. You deserve to lead a happy life and the strategies discussed above can ensure that you have exactly that by helping you maintain a good mental balance.Work-related stress does not just disappear, it constantly piles up, and if it is not addressed it will continue to pile up and can lead to very serious/chronic consequences inclusive of mental breakdowns and physical illnesses.With competing demands and pressures in modern work life, it is important that you adopt habits that ensure that you avoid undue stress. Managing stress and getting a healthy mental state is not only essential for improving your performance at work but al so for improving the general quality of your life, in which work is only one aspect. Where there is imbalance in a particular area of your life, it will definitely affect other areas of your life, which will negatively impact the quality of life.What is considered balance will vary from person to person. Therefore, understand yourself, take time to self-reflect and understand the emotional and physiological changes that adversely affect you as well as the situations that trigger these adverse reactions. Also monitor yourself physically in order to understand when your body is going through changes that are indicative of stress. Once you have understood your triggers and can easily spot any indicators of stress, discover what strategies work best for you to relieve pressure, tension, stress…Remember, having a healthy mind does not imply that you are not being exposed to harmful conditions but that you have put in place health-promoting strategies. Take action today and employ the m ost suitable strategies for you to combat work-related stress, maintain a healthy mind, and improve the quality of your life. Good Luck!!

Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice - 1589 Words

Introduction Jane Austen’s’ Pride and Prejudice was published in 1813. The setting of the novel was based in England. During the 18th century, society’s main focus was on social status, courtship, and marriage. Pride and Prejudice depicts the commotion of a town called Longbourn by the arrival of Mr. Bingley, a wealthy man. At the beginning of the novel, Mrs. Bennet is trying to marry one of her five daughters-Jane, Elizabeth, Mary, Kitty, or Lydia-to Bingley. When Mr. Bingley meets Jane at a ball, he is immediately attracted to her. Yet Mr. Darcy, Bingley’s friend, is increasingly hostile towards Elizabeth. Jane and Bingley continue to get more acquainted with each other, while Darcy begins to become attracted to Elizabeth. Throughout the novel, Mr. Bingley departs for London on business. Elizabeth is sure that Mr. Darcy and Caroline, Bingley’s sister, are trying to separate Jane and Bingley. Mr. Darcy asks Elizabeth hand in marriage, but Elizabeth says no because she learns that Darcy advised Bingley not to marry Jane. Mr. Darcy then proceeds to right a letter explaining everything to Elizabeth. Elizabeth immediately develops guilt for misjudging Darcy, therefore creating a shift in the novel. The Bingley’s, Mr. Darcy, Jane, and Elizabeth are prime examples of what Pride and Preju dice analyzes. The novel examines how life was in the upper society of England. Jane Austen is describing how people courted each other back then, with money involved. As the story develops,Show MoreRelatedJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1231 Words   |  5 Pagesfinancial stability. In the novel Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen states that the desire for better social connections interferes with the workings of love through the relationship between Darcy and Elizabeth to criticize the social class structure of the 19th century. Anxieties about social connections or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love. Darcy and Elizabeth s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Jane Austen views love as something independentRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1294 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen s exceptional novel Pride and Prejudice has been depicted as a classic that is as much a social study on class, marriage and gender as it is a romantic tale. It is an amusing representation of the social atmosphere of the late eighteenth and mid nineteenth century England, and it is primarily required with courtship rituals of the English high class. The novel is more than a romantic tale, however through Austen s subtle, and ironic style, it addresses gender, class, and marriageRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice992 Words   |  4 Pages It is unfortunate that many people tend to dismiss Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, as simply a roman tic love story, even labeling it a â€Å"chick flick.† Upon a shallow reading, it may appear to be such, but a closer look at the novel reveals so much more embedded in the story. In addition to describing the entertaining relationship between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy, the novel serves to forward Austen s personal values and ideas. Furthermore, there is one issue of her era that she particularlyRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1138 Words   |  5 PagesPride and Prejudice is a novel about the superficiality of marriage during the late 19th and early 20th century, which largely influenced the decisions made by individuals, based on connections and social rankings. The novel takes its characters through various changes influenced by their decision to or rather not to marry certain individuals. It begins not by a man desiring to marry for love, but by a mother who desires nothing more than to marry her daughters well. As the novel develops, Jane AustenRead MoreJane A usten s Pride And Prejudice1211 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was greatly influenced by the time period in which it was written, This novel follows the story of Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters as they are faced with marriage proposals. The marriage and roles of women in this time period are shown throughout this story. During the time Austen was writing this novel, a woman’s role for her family changed. Daughters started to become a way for their family to achieve more money. Because their family depended on this financialRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1675 Words   |  7 PagesIn Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, she has specific criteria that her characters follow when choosing their mates. In today’s society, most couples still follow these criteria and more when choosing their ideal mate. What are these important criteria that Austen’s characters consider when choosing a mate? For Austen, the important cr iteria that she has for choosing a mate are that couples are personally compatible, they are in love with each other, and they must have a good moral character. Read MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1678 Words   |  7 PagesAfter reading Jane Austen’s most popular piece of work, the effects of the high societal expectations can be acknowledged through viewing the lives of the Bennet family and friends and noting such effects. Through the examination of the characters in Pride and Prejudice it is easily deciphered between marriages based upon true love and marriage based upon the expectations of society. Society’s main goal for woman in the Victorian era was marriage. As seen many in Pride and Prejudice, marriage wasRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1434 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was considered a radical novel back in 1813 when she wrote and published the piece. It is a social commentary on the treatment and societal standards of women, as well marriage expectations at the turn of the 19th century. Austen criticizes the patriarchal society, materialism, double standards of men and women by centering the book around Elizabeth Bennett, a young woman of decent means who does not understand the reason for the pressure to find a suitable husbandRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1468 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished over time. In Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice Elizabeth Bennet is the main character who is a lady in the Regency Era. Elizabeth lives in Longbourn with her parents, Mr and Mrs Bennet and her four sisters. In the beginning of the novel, Elizabeth s prejudice mindset and strong opinion blinds her from realizations happening around her. Soon, Elizabeth s prejudice disappears allowing her to open up and fall in love. Throughout Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth growsRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen is pre-occupied with the theme of marriage. Marriage is a central issue of a woman’s life but it was even more crucial for the women of her society where women were largely dependent on the men in their lives. As a result, women pursued socio-economic stability through marriage. However, it is clear through the novel that Austen did not agree with this part of her society. In Pride and Prejudice, she gives preference to a marriage which is based on love

Future Of Reputation By David Solove - 867 Words

From that AOL software CD that arrived via snail mail, to those elaborate HTML backgrounds on Myspace, to today’s latest social media sites like Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, the Internet has steadily been growing and influencing society for over twenty years now. This impact has further complicated the balance between privacy and free speech. At the core of this debate is how reputations are affected by rumors, gossip, and shaming across the internet. In his book, future of reputation, David Solove argues, while technologies are constantly changing, human nature remains steadfast. The law must meet the challenge to address these ever-changing technologies’ effect on one’s reputation and strive to protect the privacy while ensuring the freedom of speech. Consider the case of a twenty-three-year-old Yale student who desired to be an investment banker. The ambitious man named Aleksey took an unorthodox route to secure employment with global financial giant UBS. Along with his rather a long eleven-page resume, he made a seven-minute video of himself and titled it, â€Å"Impossible is Nothing.† Clearly, the sole purpose of the video was to secure employment with UBS. Even though much of the content, exercising and dancing, had nothing to do with investment banking, Aleksey thought it would help him to stand out and separate from the pack. Nowhere did he express the content was About a week after the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995open for public view and submitted to HR inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Future Of Reputation 1176 Words   |  5 Pagestwenty years now. Three authors, Neil Postman, Daniel Solove, and Walter Lippmann have explored how various media and symbols have shaped society through history to today. Postman, in Amusing Ourselves to Death, Public Discourse in Age of Show Business saw the dangers in the medium of television turning the serious subjects of religion, the news, and particularly politics i nto forms of entertainment. In his book, future of reputation, David Solove argues, the law must meet the challenge to addressRead MoreThe Impact Of Privacy On The Internet1618 Words   |  7 Pagesplatform, companies-particularity one such as IBM- had to lead on privacy† (McCreary pg. 5, 2008). He appointed Harriet Pearson as the chief privacy officer of IBM. Pearson developed privacy guidelines that the company has to follow on its’ current and future employees as well as its’ customers. IBM advices other companies about their data collection methods and whether if it is legal. Pearson and other privacy executives gather to discuss ideas about privacy and created an organization called the InternationalRead MoreHow You Can t Imagine Our Existence Without The Internet1514 Words   |  7 Pagespeople who live on our street, let alone in our building- or even next door. But at the same time, people scattered across the globe can now all gather in cyberspace to share ideas and information. Interestingly, the global community leads us toward a future that revives part of our past- life in the small settlements years ago. With the prevalence of the cell phone cameras, people can no longer engage in social infractions without risking being caught in the act, no longer can people hide in anonymity

The Persuasive Essay Topics for Grade 6 Game

The Persuasive Essay Topics for Grade 6 Game Ruthless Persuasive Essay Topics for Grade 6 Strategies Exploited Fortunately, it's possible to never fail with these topics. Besides persuasive topics, you may also think about argumentative essay topics since they give the very same effect. List down all of the intriguing topics that you run into. Take notes concerning all prospective topics you're able to consider. Our qualified academic experts will help you to find an ideal persuasive essay topic according to all of your requirements and compose a custom-tailored model answer. There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. The teachers don't always assign the specific topic. To defend your subject, you can recall the effect of overloaded schedule on college grades. Since 6th grade students will need to compose essays more frequently, they need to look up some topics beforehand. There shouldn't be any homework. Punishment for cutting school needs to be made much worse. The degree of education ought to be the very same in public and private schools. Explain Concepts Clearly Students generally tend to suppose that the audience would already know about a specific concept that is wrong. School uniforms can assist with teaching discipline. What's Really Happening with Persuasive Essay Topics for Grade 6 Pick the period of life which you think is best and compose an essay arguing why it's the ideal time of life. As soon as you have the topic, answer the question and support your answer with three or more explanations for why you believe it. In that situation, the topic will appeal to the majority of women since it's relatable. Anyway, below, it is po ssible to find topic that are great for both instances. Write about the wellness issues American population face today and attempt to persuade the reader free medicine is the very best way out. An excessive amount of money isn't a good thing. Though people believe education is a correct and will make society, overall, a better place for everybody, others feel there's no real method to provide a free college education as colleges would still must be funded (likely through tax dollars). Is it true that the paparazzi help or hinder the aim of absolutely free press. Vowel synthesis software For anyone who's stuck with his persuasive essay writing, here's a list of the very best abandoning an animal needs to be considered a type of animal cruelty. The greatest persuasive essays persuade the reader to agree with a certain point of view, perspective or maybe to take a particular action. An argumentative paper is part of the persuasion. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering an idea that might be a huge deal to another person. There's, clearly, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Let's say you think that Mexican-American relations must be improved. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's crucial to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the specific area of study. Students often stress about searching for utile persuasive essay tips and searching for ideas since they feel it's an uphill job, but the important thing is to understand the essence and make a suitable outline first by planning for it correctly. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Persuasive Essay Topics for Grade 6 Life is much better than it was 50 decades ago. Kids need to be able to vote. Children ought to be permitted to babysit till they are at least 14. They should be required to read more. Participating in sports must be created compulsory for each and every student. Persuade your sister or brother that will help you talk your parents into something you would like to do. Parents of bullies should need to pay a fine. A minumum of one parent should work at home.

Case of Xerox free essay sample

Motivation Key to Success The Case of Xerox The Case of Xerox Xerox was faced with a crisis in 2000 which could have caused the demise of the company if it were not handled wisely. However, due to careful planning, decision making and valuable advice from others, Xerox was able to endure the difficult time and regain success. Despite the crisis Xerox faced in 2000, the company was able to maintain employee motivation. However, I am sure it was not an easy task. I think the company was able to maintain employee motivation by first motivating the management team. Leaders cannot effectively motivate employees unless they are motivated themselves. I also believe that Xerox made the employees aware of the situation and assured them actions were being taken to rectify the problems. Another way the company could have motivated the employees is by allowing them to voice their concerns as well as offer suggestions. We will write a custom essay sample on Case of Xerox or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The CEO of a company must be able to effectively communicate priorities to its employees. One way to accomplish this task is to record a message on a DVD and distribute copies to the various companies while requiring them to schedule meeting with the different departments. During the meeting the department heads could allow employees to watch the DVD. The CEO could also have posters created and place them on bulletin boards in the employee cafeteria or other places where they socialize. In 2009, Ursula Burns assumed the role of Xerox’s CEO. She could have encouraged the employees to take calculated risk by first educating them on the importance of risk taking while also letting them know that not all risk are bad. Also, they could have been reminded that they decided to take a risk when they chose to stick with the company despite prior crisis. In order for an organization to attract and keep individuals for an extensive period of time, management must be well trained and have good people skills in order to maintain healthy relationships with employees. They could offer benefits as well as performance incentives. This could range from paid time off to team bonuses. Another way company could keep individuals is to offer opportunity for advancement within the organization. Maintaining an organization is similar to maintaining a family. It requires setting guide lines, constant communication and motivation. I believe these were some of the essential factors that caused Xerox to bounce back from the crisis. Reference Bauer, T. and Erdogan, B. (2010). Organizational behavior V1. 1. Nyack, NY: Flat World Knowledge. Carlene Reynolds Tayla Bauer. Berrin Erdogan. (2009). Organizational behavior (1st ed. ). New York: Flat World Knowledge.

The Gilded Age Essays - Standard Oil, Gilded Age, Rockefeller Family

The Gilded Age Many people viewed businessmen of the nineteenth century as robber barons. They believed that these businessmen were so emerged into giant corporations and were so dedicated in striving for monopolistic power that their only pursuit was wealth and power in lieu of accomplishments. This entry counterbalances the idea of robber barons. John Chamberlain emphasizes the creative accomplishments of these business leaders. He explains the effects they had on the American public, while also realizing the ?shameful aspects? of their actions. In the following essay, I will summarize Chamberlain's views on Vanderbilt, Rockefeller and Carnegie, their achievements and their pursuit to deal with the American economy. The period after the Civil War resulted in a significant growth in the industrialization of the American economy. Many new faces started to emerge out into industrial enterprises. One of these new faces was Cornelius Vanderbilt. People believed that he was a man that used trickery to control properties that he wanted. When involved with something, Vanderbilt was a man who was determined to have physical and economical improvements for the company. He began his career from his love of steamboats, but as the steamboats era came to an end Vanderbilt became involved with railroads. With his profit made from steamboats and oversea affairs, he purchased shares of the Harlem Railroad. This would later help him gain stock control of Canada Southern, Lake Shore and the Michigan Central. These first steps lead him to much fame in the economical world. He relayed the Central's tracks from New York to Chicago with new steel rails and stronger steel bridges. He produced a more efficient type of l ocomotive and the traveling time was drastically shortened. Vanderbilt helped link the east and west worlds of America together. ?Vanderbilt may have watered the Central's stock. But as fast as he watered it he solidified it ? and the worst that can be said about his is that he was a shrewd capitalizer of future earnings.?(59) Chamberlain next examined John D. Rockefeller and his Standard Oil Company, the nation's first big trust. Standard Oil Co. offended the nation's traditional competitive ethics. People were used to small regional businesses and could not comprehend Rockefeller's determination for his company to become absolutely perfect. He became involved with a small refinery run by Samuel Andrews, this first partnership lead to new partners. His company increased its profits by making its own barrels in its own cooperage plants, shipping its products in large quantities and plowed most of its profit back into the business. As time went by, Rockefeller's company absorbed all but five out of a total of some 25 local refineries. Many could not resist Rockefeller's decision of seizing their refinery. ?We will take you burdens, we will utilize your ability, we will give you representations; we will all unite together and build a substantial structure on the basis of co-operation.? (63) As time passed, people began to reject Rockefeller's pursuits of buying their refineries. Western Pennsylvania oil refineries banned together and several joined the Acme Oil Co., which was a rival of the Standard Oil Co. The Southern Improvement Co. was a device said to be invoked by Rockefeller. One of its purposes was to exact rebates running up to 50% of the carrying charges on all of its oil transported by the Pennsylvania, Erie, and the New York Central. Most manufacturers considered it to be quite legitimate to get discounts for bulk shipments and for a guarantee of a steady flow of business. A controversy over this issue began and the news spread. Railroads quickly respond to the problem and said that all future oil shipments would be based on equality for everyone. Rockefeller used the Southern Improvement contract to draw in Cleveland refineries into his corporation. He was able to stabilize the oil market by exterminating competition. From a monopoly angel, people have said that Rockefeller brought the industrial age of America to an incredible height. Two points have resulted from this point of view: 1st he was probably the most able competitor of the 19th century and 2nd the Standard Oil Co. was able to keep competition from returning as the 20th century approached. In 1892, the Supreme

How To Work With Designers To Collaborate Even Better

How To Work With Designers To Collaborate Even Better Writers, editors, managers, and developers. That’s all you need for a great content marketing team right? Let’s not forget about that one other role†¦.you know, the role that no one really knows how to handle? The one mystical role that speaks their own language and talks too much about color. Yeah, that one, the designers. While they  might dress out of the norm, or talk about things you might care less about, its still important to learn how to work with designers  since they can be a very valuable member of the team. As a designer, myself, I love working with non-designers because I can bring my perspective to the problem at hand. But, in order to do that, there are a few things that need to happen. Here is my best advice on how to work with designers to communicate better than ever, collaborate more efficiently, and publish awesome content. How To Work With Designers With Authentic Advice From s Designer via @ashtonwirrengaBy the way, designers! That poster might be a fun one to hang at  your editor's desk! ;) 1. Communicate Early On The earlier, the better. Your  designer wants to know exactly which problem you’re trying to solve so they can lend their expertise to solving it. But without communication right away, they may end up solving a totally different problem, or not solving anything you'd really like them to work on at all. The best thing to do is to set up an initial discussion to cover these three points: What's the problem?  Focus on what the problem is rather than how you want the solution to look. Like any project, there are probably ten different solutions, but it's a matter of picking the one perfect for you. Designers are trained to think through each possibility and find the one that fits your need. Then, and only then, can you start discussing the physical appearance. What are your goals and expectations? Instead of talking about how you’d like the solution to look, talk about your goals and expectations instead. What would you like the solution to do for your customers? Maybe you’re trying to increase a certain metric. At , we have three specific goals (growing traffic, email subscribers, and our users), and so we focus each and every design on accomplishing them. What are the guidelines? While designers may dream all the way to the moon with possibilities, it's key to know what our guidelines and criteria are for the project. Is there a budget? What about a deadline? Who’s the project lead? Go over all of the details associated with the project itself so your designer delivers the chosen solution at the price and time you’d like. Remember, though, that while guidelines are completely necessary when it comes to the logistics, it's important to leave creative areas open for your  designer to explore. Help  your  designer challenge the status quo and create something better than you’ve ever seen before. At , we communicate writer to designer by using the comments section in each and every piece of content we publish- blog posts, ebooks, webinars, Twitter chats- which is a project management tool built right into . When we published a post with Sujan, who is a guest blogger, we used 's comment functionality to keep everything up to speed. This creates a space for the conversation to not only begin, but for it to stay as a reference point as we continue working on the blog.  We also manage guidelines and expectations by using tasks and a workflow right in so we always meet our deadlines. For the post you're reading right now, our content marketing team used to manage our workflow. We're 60% done with the post right now! All in all, communication is super important  in every team project, and this couldn’t be more true for working with a designer. We want to listen and take your ideas and turn them into a physical result that both accomplishes your goals and looks incredible. Help designers challenge the status quo to  create something better than you’ve ever seen. #design2. Tell Us Your Ideas Just because you may not be a designer, it doesn’t mean that you don’t have ideas†¦ so share them with us!  One of the biggest  misconceptions out there, especially between writers and designers, is the idea that designers hate getting examples of other projects that may inspire the one at hand. While designers surely do hate being asked to copy others' work, or hate getting constrained to "make it just like that", designers can highly benefit from seeing visual examples of what you’re looking for. As creative professionals who live in a world of visual communication, visuals are probably the best thing you can  show your designer to illustrate your ideas. After you’ve discussed the problem at hand, use  the communication designers know best by showing images of what you like and don’t like. This will help your  designer to understand your initial preferences and style right away. Working with designers?  Share  your ideas, then empower  their  creativity to come to life. #designOne way our writers do this at is by using Evernote Web Clipper. Any time they see an article, image, or moment of inspiration, they can use the Clipper and it automatically gets stored in our team Evernote folder which we can access through . Evernote's Web Clipper pulls inspiration your designer can see right in your editorial calendar. From there, I have full access to not only what they’re seeing, but also the notes or comments they have along with it. When working with designers, feel free to tell us your ideas. We want the design process to incorporate everyone’s ideas as that’s where creativity comes to life. 3. Understand What We Value If you’re a writer or editor, you probably care about SEO, grammar styles, and overall tone of voice. If you’re a marketer, you probably value metrics, goals, and how to better reach your audience. Both these roles are incredibly valuable, but it's important to note that designers have their own area of interest. Designers value the experience your user goes through when they  see your product. Sure, the text they read  or the amount of traffic the site gets is important, but overall, we value and care primarily about the user's experience. Designers value the experience your user goes through when they see  your product. #design Designers care about how the user feels and what they think. What will they remember about the experience? This means that while you may be data-driven, we’d rather the project be data-influenced. The numbers matter, but creative strategies can’t always be tracked. Understand what designers value, and you’ll better understand the way in which we think about the solution. A simple way to find out how the user is feeling, is by creating a survey. We’ve used Polldaddy to host multiple surveys and it's a way to get data around how our users experience and feel when using . I personally love statistics and numbers, so you may find that your designer does too, and can start the conversation there. You're data-driven. Designers are data-influenced. How To Work With Designers #design4. Care About The Details So now that you’ve had the initial conversation about what the problem is, you’ve presented your ideas, and know a little more about what your  designer values, it’s time to talk design. What I love most about design, is how it can directly impact the user’s experience in a way that influences the user to act. What the end goal is up to you, but every designer has a few different visual tools they use in order to accomplish this: Color, typography, hierarchy, imagery, etc. This is our bread and butter! We live and breathe color schemes, the differences between Helvetica and Ariel, and just how to order items on a page. These terms will definitely come up in conversation, so if you’d like a better understanding of a designer’s toolset, check this out. Although which colors are used and what typefaces are selected may seem like the part that makes the solution ‘pretty’, there’s actually a lot of psychology and decision making behind the scenes that can either make or break the overall design. Help your designer out by allowing them room to care about these things. Let them explore different styles so that they can deliver the best for your project. #Design isn't making things pretty. It's theory and psychology that creates lasting experiences.5. Trust Us If I’m being completely honest, there’s nothing worse than working with a client  who doesn’t trust my design decisions. First, in order to avoid this from happening, make sure the relationship is a good fit from the beginning, and then once it is, please trust your designer. Let your designer take risks, give them space to do their thing, and encourage their creative freedom. Trust your designer to take risks with  #creative freedom to bring life to your project.Designers are trained for and are passionate about what they do, so let them do it! If you’ve communicated what needs to be solved, then it's time for the designer to do their magic. Designers all have their difference preferences about how they work best, whether at a coffee shop, home, or in the office, but wherever it may be, give them space to think about the problem and discover all the ideas and possibilities. When it comes time for feedback, your designer will reopen the conversation, but for now, trust them to do what they do best. 6. Feedback Is Welcome The most valuable and scary part of going to art school is the critiques. They often take place one or two times during the design process, and then again at the end. The critique process is forever engrained in any designer’s memory, and thus when it comes to your project, they not only want feedback, but expect it. Here are four points to help guide your feedback for your designer: #Design isn’t like a vending machine where the snack immediately falls into your hands. It’s a  process. A design solution isn’t like a vending machine where you put in a quarter and the snack immediately falls into your hands. Design is a step-by-step process that takes time, thought, and skill. Understand that your designer may be needing feedback at stage one long before anything is finalized. At this stage, the design is far from perfect and might still need direction. Be honest, but nice. There’s really no value in feedback unless it's coming from an honest mind. However, please remember to be nice. Even if the design is completely opposite of what you expected, there’s a proper way to go about discussing why your designer made their decision, and how to go about fixing it. Listen.  Let your  designer explain their thought process before you jump in. What may seem completely awful at first glance might actually make sense after you hear the designer’s reasoning for that particular design decision. Listening to the designer shows them respect and gives time for stylistic preferences to be shed while design thinking comes to light. Tell us why.  In the review process, tell us why  you don’t like it or why it looks weird. Don’t just express personal preference. Design elements such as color, typefaces, and imagery often have preconceived experiences for each person, and so not only is it important to remember that we aren’t designing for yourself, but rather the user, it's also key to know why that preference exists. It may not apply to the design at hand. Feedback is incredibly important to the designer and a perfect checkpoint of communication between both parties while the design is still in process. This is a great time to review the problem, ideas, and goals that were initially stated, in order to see how the proposed design fits those criteria. Designers don't design for their editors, they #design for the user.7. Give Credit A thank you here and there never hurt anyone, and the same is applicable to working with your designer. Designers are often the mystical, misunderstood role on the team, so affirming their role not only encourages them, but increases their own confidence in their design process. When confidence is there, the possibilities are endless, making the solution even better. Encourage them, say thank you, and it’ll go a long way. So, Are You Ready To Work With A Designer? Working with designers ultimately comes down to being on the same page.  While you may speak a different language and care about different things, there are ways to communicate throughout the design process that will help  you both give your best to the final outcome. Encourage your designer, let them to do their thing, create a space for feedback, and then give them credit once it’s all said and done. Designers love working with non-designers! Let’s make something great together. Bonus: What NOT  To Say To A  Designer... This one is just for fun! But it's also a super helpful tool to help you communicate clearly and avoid misunderstandings: Can you make this pretty for me? Design is about function, not just appearance. Can you make this for my presentation later today? Effective design takes time, don’t force us to design poorly. Can you make it look like this? Designers have no interest in copying something. Plus, it's illegal. Can you photoshop it? Designer’s aren’t just another creative tool, we’re actually interested in solving the problem at hand. Can you make it pop? Making it pop means nothing to us. Explain WHY you don’t like it please. I’ll know it when I see it. Designers need a specific problem to solve. We aren’t mind readers.

The European Union is being successful in spite of itself and its Essay

The European Union is being successful in spite of itself and its skeptics - Essay Example Napoleon and Hitler had no better success than the Roman Empire and the staggering costs of the last two world wars was motive enough to inspire another more democratic solution. The fact that nations continue to apply for acceptance into the European Union (EU) and the fact that only one EU member has ever renounced its EU citizenship speaks for the effectiveness in unifying diverse and autonomous nations. This combined with the lack of war on the European continent despite major differences and the fall of the Soviet Union, demonstrates the pacifying influence of the EU. While the world wide press continues to coin gleefully cynical terms like Euro-Skeptics, Europhobiles, Euro-pessimists and Euro-cynics, the unification of Europe is an idea whose time has come. This union is maintaining peace. Regardless of all of the sovereignty issues, problems with democracies and economies...its fundamental reason for conception has been more or less maintained by standing as a pillar uniting the Continent of Europe rather than allowing it to dissolve into war. One of the ways that this peace has been maintained is through the creation and acceptance of European wide rules of law and economic criterium. The source of some criticism comes from younger ages groups disenchanted with unemployment issues. Seeking easy answers to their plight they have blamed the European Union on their situation. One potential pitfall to the unification of Europe is changing demographics of the continent as those with vivid memories of war pass on business and political leadership to a generation that doesn't remember what a real air raid drill was all about. The memory and fear of world war had a lot to do with the creation of the EU. New treaties and agreements will have to go beyond peaceful co-existence and address employment and social issues more directly than the original organizing policies have done if long term stability is to be maintained. With post World War II reconstruction proceeding to return Europe to a functioning collection of individual nations, the idea of a unified Europe rose to the top of the continental discussion as it had after World War I. "A number of European leaders in the late 1940s became convinced that the only way to establish a lasting peace was to unite the two chief belligerent nations - France and Germany - both economically and politically"(U.S. Central Intelligence Agency 2006). The Treaty of Amsterdam on the European Union (EU) which came into force on 1 May 1999 states that the EU: must be maintained and developed as an area of freedom, security and justice; (an area) in which the free movement of persons is assured; in conjunction with appropriate measures with respect to external border controls, asylum, immigration and the prevention and combating of crime. (Directorate-General for Justice, Freedom and Security of the European Commission, 2006) The European Commission has gained the ability to resolve international disputes peaceful because member nations have given up some of their autonomy for the greater benefits afforded its members in politics, economics as well as social structure. The EU -15 as they were referred to seem to have come to the Union for economic reasons according to most

My Plan for Reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Plan for Reconstruction - Essay Example I must say to them that tyranny, exploitation and a subhuman treatment spanning across decades do stifle the human ability to dream. So on this momentous eve, I extend to our black brethren the freedom of daring to dream. These dreams will need to be supported by ample persistence and perseverance and the opportunities to seek education and justice. I know they understand the fundamental meaning of freedom. Now what they need to learn is that how this freedom is formally exercised and enjoyed in the American political and socio-economic life. I evoke them to extend their hands and grasp their fair share in the American political and socio-economic life. Dream and everything will become possible! I predict that it will not be a miracle if one day, one of their sons and daughters becomes the President of the United States of America. Surprisingly, there were many amongst us who kept the flame of freedom and liberty lighted amidst the winds of greed and debauchery. I thank them and at t he same time intend to remind them that our struggle is far from over. The vested interests that gave way to slavery, a thing that was totally and abominably contrary to what we believe in, are as potent today as they were at any other time. The abolitionists no doubt comprise of one of the most enlightened spirits in America. The nation will require their services for long times to come. Who can better become the voice of those that had been denied a voice than our fellow brothers and sisters who fought for the rights of the oppressed?

Negative effects of illegal immigration

Negative effects of illegal immigration Identify the negative effects of illegal immigration. Offer a solution of how illegal immigration could be reduced. Illegal immigration is the movement of people across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. It involves crossing international political borders through water, land and air inappropriately. Also here we can include the entrance to another country in the right way but refusing to leave after the expiry of the visa. The effects of immigration are felt strongly in states where large numbers of immigrants have settled in relation to others. Illegal immigration affects the Nation and the lives of the natives in different ways and such negative effects are: Crimes that is committed from illegal immigrants when they related in criminal activities which lead to increase crime rates. Such criminal activities are the dealing with drugs and the stealing of identification documents from the citizens to enable them get work. Another effect is that they utilize social services such as schools and health insurance and the result is that the government has to bear the costs from the utility of those services. Trafficking and exploitation affect also the nation because immigrants smuggle people into it. Many people every year are smuggled into the countries and most of them have no legal documents or have their papers and identification documents taken by those who smuggle them in, especially women and children. Exploiters can force women to do illegal jobs under payment and under their working conditions. The young children are traded in the market for adoption with mafias coordinating the activities and the majority of them are trafficked to be sold off to those people who are not interested in going through the process of legal adoption. Another problem is the diseases because most illegal immigrants do not undertake the necessary medical testing and that results to carrying illnesses into their host countries. The competition between the illegal immigrants and the citizens of the country on the job opportunities that were available and that happens because the illegal immigrants accept less than the required minimum payment and do the job without asking other benefits such as insurance. Another thing that we have to notice here is that illegal immigrants accept to do a job that other citizens are not willing to do, thats why the economy depends on them. All these results negative to the citizens because the employers prefer to hire someone with low payment and without insurance covering. Illegal immigrants cause many damages to the people personal properties and to the public areas. Such damages are: the stealing of properties, break into peoples houses, vandalize public areas etc. and that damages must covered from the citizens or from the government. Some areas become very dangerous because of the big percentage of illegal immigrants and these areas are insecure for people to go there for work or for a walk such as Omonoia square in Athens. It is very difficult to find a solution for the illegal immigration but there are some methods of reducing it. One method is to building security barriers on the borders to prevent immigrants from entering the country illegally. The borders, sea and land should be checked more strictly. The police can play an important role by arresting those immigrants when they are found to be in the country illegally without the proper documents and send them back to their countries. Also police should arrest those people who help them to pass illegally in the country. The national authorities must be always informed in cases that illegal immigrants committed a crime, when they destroy properties or when they use violence over people. Employers should not hire any immigrant without verifying that his documents are legal but this is difficult and the reason is that employers prefer to hire those people because they pay less money. There is still an argument as to whether illegal immigration has negative or positive effects to a country. Some people argue that illegal immigration is good for any country because of the low payments and others claim that illegal immigrants take their jobs and damage the country in different ways and one example is the overpopulation. It would be better to restrict the illegal immigrants from the country because from the time that they cross the borders illegally many problems occurring to the country.

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

F. Scott Fitzgerald comments on the lighthearted vivacity and the moral deterioration of the period. It possesses countless references to the contemporary period. The aimlessness and shallowness of the guests, the crazy extravagance of Gatsby's parties, and the indication of Gatsby's connection in the bootlegging business all represent the period and the American setting. But as a piece of social critique, The Great Gatsby also describes the defeat of the American dream, and that the American ideals differ with the actual social conditions that exist in society. For the American constitutions stands for the freedom, and equality among people, but the truth of the matter is that social discrimination still exists and the grouping among the classes can never be overcome. Myrtle's attempt to become a "member" of Tom's group is predestined to fail, because he is of the wealthier, more "sophisticated" class. Taking advantage of her animation, her lively nature, she tries to elude the rest of her class. She gets involved in an affair with Tom, and inherits his values, and his way of living. By doing so, she only demoralizes herself, and becomes corrupt like the rich are stereotyped to be. She belittles people from her own class, and loses all sense of honor that she once had. And for all her social desires, Myrtle never does find her place in Tom's "high brow" world of the rich. Fitzgerald portrays Myrtle's condition, obviously, as a minor reflection to Gatsby's more substantial struggle. While Myrtle's ambitions come from her social desires, Gatsby's are linked more to his idealism, his strong belief in life's opportunity. For sure, his desire is influenced by social considerations as well; Daisy, who is beautiful and rich, shows a lifestyle which is distant to Gatsby's and therefore is more attractive to him, because it is so far out of his reach. However, social status is not his premier reason for loving Daisy. It only leads him, and makes him subject to believe in life's great opportunity. Like Myrtle does, Gatsby fights to fit himself into another social group, the one of old money, but his attempt is more significant, because his whole faith in life is rested upon it. Therefore, his failure is much more frightful to him, as any larger dream's failure turns out to be. His whole objective, his confidence in life and himself is completely smashed when he fails to win Daisy's love. His death, when it arrives is nearly meaningless, for, with the defeat of his dream, Gatsby

Coffee and Starbucks Essay

Starbucks began in 1971 when three academics—English teacher Jerry Baldwin, history teacher Zev Siegel, and writer Gordon Bowker—opened a store called Starbucks Coffee, Tea, and Spice in the touristy Pikes Place Market in Seattle. The three partners shared a love of fine coffees and exotic teas and believed they could build a clientele in Seattle much like that which had already emerged in the San Francisco Bay area. Each invested $1,350 and borrowed another $5,000 from a bank to open the Pikes Place store. Baldwin, Siegel, and Bowker chose the name Starbucks in honor of Starbuck, the coffee-loving first mate in Herman Melville’s Moby Dick(so company legend has it), and because they thought the name evoked the romance of the high seas and the seafaring tradition of the early coffee traders. The new company’s logo, designed by an artist friend, was a two-tailed mermaid encircled by the store’s name. The inspiration for the Starbucks enterprise was a Dutch immigrant, Alfred Peet, who had begun importing fine arabica coffees into the United States during the 1950s. Peet viewed coffee as a fine winemaker views grapes, appraising it in terms of country of origin, estates, and harvests. Peet had opened a small store, Peet’s Coffee and Tea, in Berkeley, California, in 1966 and had cultivated a loyal clientele. Peet’s store specialized in importing fine coffees and teas, dark-roasting its own beans the European way to bring out their full flavor, and teaching customers how to grind the beans and make freshly brewed coffee at home. Baldwin, Siegel, and Bowker were well acquainted with Peet’s expertise, having visited his store on numerous occasions and spent many hours listening to Peet expound on quality coffees and the importance of proper bean-roasting techniques. All three were devoted fans of Peet and his dark-roasted coffees, going so far as to order their personal coffee supplies by mail from Peet’s. The Pikes Place store featured modest, hand-built nautical fixtures. One wall was devoted to whole-bean coffees; another had shelves of coffee products. The store did not offer fresh-brewed coffee by the cup, but samples were sometimes available for tasting. Initially, Siegel was the only paid employee. He wore a grocer’s apron, scooped out beans for customers, extolled the virtues of fine, dark-roasted coffees, and functioned as the partnership’s retail expert. The other two partners kept their day jobs but came by at lunch or after work to help out. During the start-up period, Baldwin kept the books and developed a growing knowledge of coffee; Bowker served as the â€Å"magic, mystery, and romance man. â€Å"1 The store was an immediate success, with sales exceeding expectations, partly because of a favorable article in the Seattle Times. In the early months, each of the founders traveled to Berkeley to learn more about coffee roasting from their mentor, Alfred Peet, who urged them to keep deepening their knowledge of coffees and teas. For most of the first year, Starbucks ordered its coffee beans from Peet’s, but then the partners purchased a used roaster from Holland and set up roasting operations in a nearby ramshackle building. Baldwin and Bowker experimented with Alfred Peet’s roasting procedures and came up with their own blends and flavors. A second Starbucks store was opened in 1972. By the early 1980s, the company had four Starbucks stores in the Seattle area and could boast of having been profitable every year since opening its doors. But the roles and responsibilities of the cofounders underwent change. Zev Siegel experienced burnout and left the company to pursue other interests. Jerry Baldwin took over day-to-day management of the company and functioned as chief executive officer; Gordon Bowker remained involved as an owner but devoted most of his time to his advertising and design firm, a weekly newspaper he had founded, and a microbrewery he was launching (the Redhook Ale Brewery). Howard Schultz Enters the Picture In 1981, Howard Schultz, vice president and general manager of U. S. operations for Hammarplast—a Swedish maker of stylish kitchen equipment and housewares—noticed that Starbucks was placing larger orders than Macy’s was for a certain type of drip coffeemaker. Curious to learn what was going on, he decided to pay the company a visit. The morning after his arrival in Seattle, Schultz was escorted to the Pikes Place store by Linda Grossman, the retail merchandising manager for Starbucks. A solo violinist was playing Mozart at the door, with his violin case open for donations. Schultz immediately was taken by the powerful and pleasing aroma of the coffees, the wall displaying coffee beans, and the rows of red, yellow, and black Hammarplast coffeemakers on the shelves. As he talked with the clerk behind the counter, the clerk scooped out some Sumatran coffee beans, ground them, put the grounds in a cone filter, poured hot water over the cone, and shortly handed Schultz a porcelain mug filled with the freshly brewed coffee. After three sips, Schultz was hooked. He began asking the clerk and Grossman questions about the company, about coffees from different parts of the world, and about the different ways of roasting coffee. Next, Schultz met with Jerry Baldwin and Gordon Bowker, whose offices overlooked the company’s coffee-roasting operation. The atmosphere was informal. Baldwin, dressed in a sweater and tie, showed Schultz some new beans that had just come in from Java and suggested they try a sample. Baldwin did the brewing himself, using a glass pot called a French press. Bowker, a slender, bearded man with dark hair and intense brown eyes, appeared at the door and the three men sat down to talk about Starbucks. Schultz was struck by their knowledge of coffee, their commitment to providing high-quality products, and their passion for educating customers about the merits of dark-roasted coffees. Baldwin told Schultz, â€Å"We don’t manage the business to maximize anything other than the quality of the coffee. â€Å"2 Starbucks purchased only the finest arabica coffees and put them through a meticulous dark-roasting process to bring out their full flavors. Baldwin explained that the cheap robusta coffees used in supermarket blends burn when subjected to dark roasting. He also noted that the makers of supermarket blends prefer lighter roasts because they allow higher yields (the longer a coffee is roasted, the more weight it loses). Schultz was struck by the business philosophy of the two partners. It was clear from their discussions that Starbucks stood not just for good coffee, but rather for the dark-roasted flavor profiles that the founders were passionate about. Top-quality, fresh-roasted, whole-bean coffee was the company’s differentiating feature and a bedrock value. It was also clear to Schultz that Starbucks was strongly committed to educating its customers to appreciate the qualities of fine coffees, rather than just kowtowing to mass-market appeal. The company depended mainly on word-of-mouth to get more people into its stores, then relied on the caliber of its product to give patrons a sense of discovery and excitement. It built customer loyalty cup by cup as buyers of its products developed their palates. On his trip back to New York the next day, Howard Schultz could not stop thinking about Starbucks and what it would be like to be a part of the Starbucks enterprise. Schultz recalled, â€Å"There was something magic about it, a passion and authenticity I had never experienced in business. â€Å"3 Living in the Seattle area also had a strong appeal. By the time Schultz landed at Kennedy Airport, he knew he wanted to go to work for Starbucks. Though there was nothing in his background (see Exhibit 2) that prepared him for the experience, Schultz asked Baldwin at the first opportunity whether there was any way he could fit into Starbucks. The two quickly established an easy, comfortable rapport, but it still took a year of numerous meetings and a lot of convincing to get Baldwin, Bowker, and their silent partner from San Francisco to agree to hire Howard Schultz. Schultz pursued a job at Starbucks far more vigorously than Starbucks pursued him. There was some nervousness at Starbucks about bringing in an outsider, especially a high-powered New Yorker, who had not grown up with the values of the company. Nonetheless, Schultz continued to press his ideas about the tremendous potential of expanding the Starbucks enterprise outside Seattle and exposing people all over America to Starbucks coffee—arguing there had to be more than just a few thousand coffee lovers in Seattle who would like the company’s products. Schultz believed that Starbucks had such great promise that he offered to take a salary cut in exchange for a small equity stake in the business. But the owners worried that by offering Schultz a job as head of marketing they would be committing themselves to a new direction for Starbucks. At a spring 1982 meeting with the three owners in San Francisco, Schultz once again presented his vision for opening Starbucks stores across the United States and Canada. He flew back to New York thinking a job offer was in the bag. But the next day Baldwin called Schultz and indicated that the owners had decided against hiring him because geographic expansion was too risky and because they did not share Schultz’s vision for Starbucks. Schultz was despondent; still, he believed so deeply in Starbucks’ potential that he decided to make a last-ditch appeal. He called Baldwin back the next day and made an impassioned, though reasoned, case for why the decision was a mistake. Baldwin agreed to reconsider. The next morning Baldwin called Schultz and told him the job of heading marketing and overseeing the retail stores was his. In September 1982, Howard Schultz took on his new responsibilities at Starbucks. Starbucks and Howard Schultz: The 1982–85 Period In his first few months at Starbucks, Schultz spent most of his waking hours in the four Seattle stores—working behind the counters, tasting different kinds of coffee, talking with customers, getting to know store personnel, and educating himself about the retail aspects of the coffee business. By December, Jerry Baldwin decided that Schultz was ready for the final part of his training—roasting coffee. Schultz spent a week at the roaster examining the color of the beans, listening for the telltale second pop of the beans during the roasting process, learning to taste the subtle differences among Baldwin and Bowker’s various roasts, and familiarizing himself with the roasting techniques for different beans. Meanwhile, he made a point of acclimating himself to the informal dress code, blending in with the culture, and gaining credibility and building trust with colleagues. Making the transition from the high-energy, coat-and-tie style of New York to the more casual ambience of the Pacific Northwest required a conscious effort on Schultz’s part. One day during the busy Christmas season that first year, Schultz made real headway in gaining the acceptance and respect of company personnel at the Pikes Place store. The store was packed and Schultz was behind the counter ringing up sales when someone shouted that a customer had just headed out the door with some stuff—two expensive coffeemakers it turned out, one in each hand. Without thinking, Schultz leaped over the counter and chased the thief up the cobblestone street outside the store, yelling â€Å"Drop that stuff! Drop it! † The thief was startled enough to drop both pieces and run away. Schultz picked up the merchandise and returned to the store, holding up the coffeemakers like trophies. Everyone applauded. When Schultz returned to his office later that afternoon, his staff had strung up a banner that read â€Å"Make my day. â€Å"4 Schultz was overflowing with ideas for the company. Early on, he noticed that first-time customers sometimes felt uneasy in the stores because of their lack of knowledge about fine coffees and because store employees sometimes came across as a little arrogant. Schultz worked with store employees on developing customer-friendly sales skills and produced brochures that made it easy for customers to learn about fine coffees. Schultz’s biggest idea for Starbucks’ future came during the spring of 1983 when the company sent him to Milan, Italy, to attend an international housewares show. While walking from his hotel to the convention center, Schultz spotted an espresso bar and went inside to look around. The cashier beside the door nodded and smiled. The barista (counter worker) greeted Howard cheerfully, then gracefully pulled a shot of espresso for one customer and handcrafted a foamy cappuccino for another, all the while conversing merrily with those standing at the counter. Schultz judged the barista’s performance as â€Å"great theater. † Just down the way on a side street, he entered an even more crowded espresso bar, where the barista, whom he surmised to be the owner, was greeting customers by name; people were laughing and talking in an atmosphere that plainly was comfortable and familiar. In the next few blocks, he saw two more espresso bars. When the trade show concluded for the day, Schultz walked the streets of Milan exploring espresso bars. Some were stylish and upscale; others attracted a blue-collar clientele. What struck Schultz was how popular and vibrant the Italian coffee bars were. Most had few chairs, and it was common for Italian opera to be playing in the background. Energy levels were typically high, and the bars seemed to function as an integral community gathering place. Each one had its own unique character, but they all had a barista who performed with flair and exhibited a camaraderie with the customers. Schultz was particularly struck by the fact that there were 1,500 coffee bars in Milan, a city about the size of Philadelphia, and a total of 200,000 in all of Italy. His mind started churning. Schultz’s first few days in Milan produced a revelation: The Starbucks stores in Seattle completely missed the point. Starbucks, he decided, needed to serve fresh-brewed coffee, espresso, and cappuccino in its stores (in addition to beans and coffee equipment). Going to Starbucks should be an experience, a special treat; the stores should be a place to meet friends and visit. Re-creating the Italian coffee-bar culture in the United States could be Starbucks’ differentiating factor. Schultz remained in Milan for a week, exploring coffee bars and learning as much as he could about the Italian passion for coffee drinks. In one bar, he heard a customer order a caffe latte and decided to try one himself—the barista made a shot of espresso, steamed a frothy pitcher of milk, poured the two together in a cup, and put a dollop of foam on the top. Schultz concluded that it was â€Å"the perfect drink,† and thought to himself, â€Å"No one in America knows about this. I’ve got to take it back with me. â€Å"5 Schultz’s Growing Frustration On Schultz’s return from Italy, he shared his revelation and ideas for modifying the format of Starbucks stores with Baldwin and Bowker. But instead of winning their approval, Schultz encountered strong resistance. Baldwin and Bowker argued that Starbucks was a retailer, not a restaurant or bar. They feared that serving drinks would put them in the beverage business and dilute the integrity of Starbucks’ mission as a coffee store. They pointed out that Starbucks was a profitable small, private company and there was no reason to rock the boat. But a more pressing reason for their resistance emerged shortly—Baldwin and Bowker were excited by an opportunity to purchase Peet’s Coffee and Tea. The acquisition took place in 1984; to fund it, Starbucks had to take on considerable debt, leaving little in the way of financial flexibility to support Schultz’s ideas for entering the beverage part of the coffee business or expanding the number of Starbucks stores. For most of 1984, Starbucks managers were dividing their time between their operations in Seattle and the Peet’s enterprise in San Francisco. Schultz found himself in San Francisco every other week supervising the marketing and operations of the five Peet’s stores. Starbucks employees began to feel neglected and, in one quarter, did not receive their usual bonus due to tight financial conditions. Employee discontent escalated to the point where a union election was called, and the union won by three votes. Baldwin was shocked at the results, concluding that employees no longer trusted him. In the months that followed, he began to spend more of his energy on the Peet’s operation in San Francisco. It took Howard Schultz nearly a year to convince Jerry Baldwin to let him test an espresso bar. After Baldwin relented, Starbucks’ sixth store, which opened in April 1984, became the first one designed to sell beverages and the first one in downtown Seattle. Schultz asked for a 1,500-square-foot space to set up a full-scale Italian-style espresso bar, but Jerry agreed to allocating only 300 square feet in a corner of the new store. There was no pre-opening marketing blitz and no sign announcing Now Serving Espresso—the lack of fanfare was part of a deliberate experiment to see what would happen. By closing time on the first day, some 400 customers had been served, well above the 250-customer average of Starbucks’ best-performing stores. Within two months the store was serving 800 customers per day. The two baristas could not keep up with orders during the early morning hours, resulting in lines outside the door onto the sidewalk. Most of the business was at the espresso counter; sales at the regular retail counter were only adequate. Schultz was elated by the test results; his visits to the store indicated that it was becoming a gathering place and that customers were pleased with the beverages being served. Schultz expected that Baldwin’s doubts about entering the beverage side of the business would be dispelled and that he would gain approval to take Starbucks to a new level. Every day he went into Baldwin’s office to show him the sales figures and customer counts at the new downtown store. But Baldwin was not comfortable with the success of the new store; he believed that espresso drinks were a distraction from the core business of selling fine arabica coffees at retail and rebelled at the thought that people would see Starbucks as a place to get a quick cup of coffee to go. He adamantly told Schultz, â€Å"We’re coffee roasters. I don’t want to be in the restaurant business . . . Besides, we’re too deeply in debt to consider pursuing this idea. â€Å"6 While he didn’t deny that the experiment was succeeding, he didn’t want to go forward with introducing beverages in other Starbucks stores. Schultz’s efforts to persuade Baldwin to change his mind continued to meet strong resistance, although to avoid a total impasse Baldwin finally did agree to let Schultz put espresso machines in the back of two other Starbucks stores. Over the next several months, Schultz—at the age of 33—made up his mind to leave Starbucks and start his own company. His plan was to open espresso bars in high-traffic downtown locations that would emulate the friendly, energetic atmosphere he had encountered in Italian espresso bars. Schultz had become friends with a corporate lawyer, Scott Greenberg, who helped companies raise venture capital and go public. Greenberg told Schultz he believed investors would be interested in providing venture capital for the kind of company Schultz had in mind. Baldwin and Bowker, knowing how frustrated Schultz had become, supported his efforts to go out on his own and agreed to let him stay in his current job and office until definitive plans were in place. Schultz left Starbucks in late 1985. Schultz’s Il Giornale Venture Ironically, as Schultz was finalizing the documents for his new company, Jerry Baldwin announced he would invest $150,000 of Starbucks’ money in Schultz’s coffee-bar enterprise, thus becoming Schultz’s first investor. Baldwin accepted Schultz’s invitation to be a director of the new company, and Gordon Bowker agreed to be a part-time consultant for six months. Bowker urged Schultz to make sure that everything about the new stores—the name, the presentation, the care taken in preparing the coffee—was calculated to lead customers to expect something better than competitors offered. Bowker proposed that the new company be named Il Giornale (pronounced ill jor-nahl-ee ) Coffee Company, a suggestion that Schultz accepted. In December 1985, Bowker and Schultz made a trip to Italy during which they visited some 500 espresso bars in Milan and Verona, observing local habits, taking notes about decor and menus, snapping photographs, and videotaping baristas in action. Greenberg and Schultz then drew up plans to raise an initial $400,000 in seed capital and another $1. 25 million in equity—enough to launch at least eight espresso bars and prove the concept would work in Seattle and elsewhere. The seed capital was raised by the end of January 1986, primarily from Starbucks and two other investors who believed in Schultz and his ideas, but it took Schultz until the end of the year to raise the remaining $1. 25 million. He made presentations to 242 potential investors, 217 of whom said no. Many who heard Schultz’s hour-long presentation saw coffee as a commodity business and thought that Schultz’s espresso-bar concept lacked any basis for sustainable competitive advantage (no patent on dark roast, no advantage in purchasing coffee beans, no way to bar the entry of imitative competitors). Some noted that consumption of coffee had been declining since the mid-1960s, others were skeptical that people would pay $1. 50 or more for a cup of coffee, and still others were turned off by the company’s hard-to-pronounce name. Being rejected by so many potential investors was disheartening (some who listened to Schultz’s presentation ? didn’t even bother to call him back; others refused to take his calls). Nonetheless, Schultz continued to display passion and enthusiasm in making his pitch and never doubted that his plan would work. He ended up raising $1. 65 million from about 30 investors; most of this money came from nine people, five of whom became directors of the new company. One of Howard Schultz’s earliest moves during the start-up process was to hire Dave Olsen, who in 1974 had opened a coffee bar, Cafe Allegro, near the busiest entrance to the University of Washington campus. Olsen was a long-standing Starbucks customer, having discovered the quality of Starbucks’ coffee beans, gotten to know the owners, and worked with them to develop a custom espresso roast for use in his cafe. Olsen’s successful Cafe Allegro had become known for cafe au lait, a concoction equivalent to the Italian caffe latte. When Olsen heard of Schultz’s plans for Il Giornale, he called Schultz and expressed an interest in being part of the new company—he was intrigued by the Italian coffee-bar concept and was looking for a more expansive career opportunity. Olsen not only had coffee expertise but also had spent 10 years in an apron behind the counter at Cafe Allegro. Schultz immediately picked up on the synergy between him and Olsen. His own strengths were in forming and communicating a vision, raising money, finding good store locations, building a brand name, and planning for growth. Olsen understood the nuts and bolts of operating a retail cafe, hiring and training baristas, and making and serving good drinks. Plus, Olsen was fun to work with. Schultz put Olsen in charge of store operations, made him the coffee conscience of the company, and gave him the authority to make sure that Il Giornale served the best coffee and espresso possible. The first Il Giornale store opened in April 1986. It had a mere 700 square feet and was located near the entrance of Seattle’s tallest building. The decor was Italian, the menu contained Italian words, and Italian opera music played in the background. The baristas wore white shirts and bow ties. All service was stand-up—there were no chairs. National and international papers hung from rods on the wall. By closing time on the first day, 300 customers had been served, mostly in the morning hours. Schultz and Olsen worked hard to make sure that all the details were executed perfectly. For the first few weeks, Olsen worked behind the counter during the morning rush. But while the core idea worked well, it soon became apparent that several aspects of Il Giornale’s format weren’t appropriate for Seattle. Some customers objected to the incessant opera music, others wanted a place to sit down, and many didn’t understand the Italian words on the menu. These â€Å"mistakes† were quickly fixed, without compromising the style and elegance of the store. Within six months, Il Giornale was serving more than 1,000 customers a day and regulars had learned how to pronounce the company’s name. Because most customers were in a hurry, it became apparent that speedy service was a competitive advantage. Six months after opening the first store, Il Giornale opened a second store in another downtown building. A third store was opened in Vancouver, British Columbia, in April 1987. Vancouver was chosen to test the transferability of the company’s business concept outside Seattle. To reach his goal of opening 50 stores in five years, Schultz needed to dispel his investors’ doubts about geographic expansion. By mid-1987 sales at the three stores were equal to $1. 5 million annually. Il Giornale Acquires Starbucks In March 1987 Jerry Baldwin and Gordon Bowker decided to sell the whole Starbucks operation in Seattle—the stores, the roasting plant, and the Starbucks name. Bowker wanted to cash out his coffee-business investment to concentrate on his other enterprises; Baldwin, who was tired of commuting between Seattle and San Francisco and wrestling with the troubles created by the two parts of the company, elected to concentrate on the Peet’s operation. As he recalls, â€Å"My wife and I had a 30-second conversation and decided to keep Peet’s. It was the original and it was better. â€Å"7 Schultz knew immediately that he had to buy Starbucks; his board of directors agreed. Schultz and his newly hired finance and accounting manager drew up a set of financial projections for the combined operations and a financing package that included a stock offering to Il Giornale’s original investors and a line of credit with local banks. While a rival plan to acquire Starbucks was put together by another Il Giornale investor, Schultz’s proposal prevailed and within weeks Schultz had raised the $3. 8 million needed to buy Starbucks. The acquisition was completed in August 1987. After the papers were signed, Schultz and Scott Greenberg walked across the street to the first Il Giornale store, ordered themselves espresso drinks, and sat at a table near the window. Greenberg placed the hundred-page business plan that had been used to raise the $3. 8 million between them and lifted his cup in a toast—†We did it,† they said together. 8 The new name of the combined companies was Starbucks Starbucks as a Private Company: 1987–92. The following Monday morning, Schultz returned to the Starbucks offices at the roasting plant, greeted all the familiar faces and accepted their congratulations, then called the staff together for a meeting on the roasting-plant floor. He began: All my life I have wanted to be part of a company and a group of people who share a common vision . . . I’m here today because I love this company. I love what it represents . . . I know you’re concerned . . . I promise you I will not let you down. I promise you I will not leave anyone behind . . . In five years, I want you to look back at this day and say â€Å"I was there when it started. I helped build this company into something great. â€Å"9 Schultz told the group that his vision was for Starbucks to become a national company with values and guiding principles that employees could be proud of. He indicated that he wanted to include people in the decision-making process and that he would be open and honest with them. Schultz said he believed it was essential, not just an intriguing option, for a company to respect its people, to inspire them, and to share the fruits of its success with those who contributed to its long-term value. His aspiration was for Starbucks to become the most respected brand name in coffee and for the company to be admired for its corporate responsibility. In the next few days and weeks, however, Schultz came to see that the unity and morale at Starbucks had deteriorated badly in the 20 months he had been at Il Giornale. Some employees were cynical and felt unappreciated. There was a feeling that prior management had abandoned them and a wariness about what the new regime would bring. Schultz determined that he would have to make it a priority to build a new relationship of mutual respect between employees and management. The new Starbucks had a total of nine stores. The business plan Schultz had presented investors called for the new company to open 125 stores in the next five years—15 the first year, 20 the second, 25 the third, 30 the fourth, and 35 the fifth. Revenues were projected to reach $60 million in 1992. But the company lacked experienced management. Schultz had never led a growth effort of such magnitude and was just learning what the job of CEO was all about, having been the president of a small company for barely two years. Dave Olsen had run a single cafe for 11 years and was just learning to manage a multistore operation. Ron Lawrence, the company’s controller, had worked as a controller for several organizations. Other Starbucks employees had only the experience of managing or being a part of a six-store organization. When Starbucks’ key roaster and coffee buyer resigned, Schultz put Dave Olsen in charge of buying and roasting coffee. Lawrence Maltz, who had 20 years of experience in business and eight years of experience as president of a profitable public beverage company, was hired as executive vice president and charged with heading operations, finance, and human resources. In the next several months, a number of changes were instituted. To symbolize the merging of the two companies and the two cultures, a new logo was created that melded the Starbucks and Il Giornale logos. The Starbucks stores were equipped with espresso machines and remodeled to look more Italian than Old World nautical. The traditional Starbucks brown was replaced by Il Giornale green. The result was a new type of store—a cross between a retail coffee-bean store and an espresso bar/cafe—that became Starbucks’ signature format in the 1990s. By December 1987, employees at Starbucks had begun buying into the changes Schultz was making and trust had begun to build between management and employees. New stores were on the verge of opening in Vancouver and Chicago. One Starbucks store employee, Daryl Moore, who had voted against unionization in 1985, began to question his fellow employees about the need for a union. Over the next few weeks, Moore began a move to decertify the union. He carried a decertification letter around to Starbucks stores and secured the signatures of employees who no longer wished to be represented by the union. After getting a majority of store employees to sign the letter, he presented it to the National Labor Relations Board and the union representing store employees was decertified. Later, in 1992, the union representing Starbucks’ roasting plant and warehouse employees was also decertified. Expansion into Markets Outside the Pacific Northwest Starbucks’ entry into Chicago proved far more troublesome than management anticipated. The first Chicago store opened October 27, 1987, the same day the stock market crashed. Three more stores were opened in Chicago over the next six months, but customer counts were substantially below expectations—Chicagoans didn’t take to dark-roasted coffee as fast as Schultz had anticipated. At the first downtown store, for example, which opened onto the street rather than into the lobby of the building where it was located, customers were hesitant to go out in the wind and cold to get a cup of coffee in the winter months. Store margins were squeezed for a number of reasons: It was expensive to supply fresh coffee to the Chicago stores out of the Seattle warehouse, and both rents and wage rates were higher in Chicago than in Seattle. Gradually, customer counts improved, but Starbucks lost money on its Chicago stores until 1990, when prices were raised to reflect higher rents and labor costs, more experienced store manag.